Papilledema
Papilledema
Papilledema (pronounced: pap-ill-eh-dee-ma) is a medical condition that involves the swelling of the optic disc, which is part of the optic nerve. This condition is often a sign of increased intracranial pressure.
Etymology
The term "papilledema" is derived from two Greek words: "papilla," meaning nipple, and "edema," meaning swelling. Thus, it refers to the swelling of the optic disc, which is also known as the optic papilla.
Symptoms
The symptoms of papilledema can vary, but often include blurred vision, headache, and in severe cases, vision loss. These symptoms are due to the pressure on the optic nerve caused by the swelling.
Causes
Papilledema is most commonly caused by conditions that increase intracranial pressure, such as brain tumor, hydrocephalus, or meningitis. It can also be caused by certain medications, such as tetracycline and vitamin A.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of papilledema typically involves a fundoscopic examination, where a doctor examines the back of the eye to look for swelling of the optic disc. Other tests, such as MRI or CT scan, may also be used to determine the cause of the increased intracranial pressure.
Treatment
Treatment for papilledema involves addressing the underlying cause of the increased intracranial pressure. This may involve medication to reduce the pressure, or surgery in severe cases.
Related Terms
- Optic disc
- Optic nerve
- Intracranial pressure
- Brain tumor
- Hydrocephalus
- Meningitis
- Fundoscopic examination
- MRI
- CT scan
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Papilledema
- Wikipedia's article - Papilledema
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