Pancytopenia
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
Pancytopenia | |
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Synonyms | N/A |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, bruising, bleeding, infection |
Complications | Severe infection, hemorrhage |
Onset | Varies depending on cause |
Duration | Varies |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Bone marrow failure, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, aplastic anemia, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, HIV/AIDS, lupus |
Risks | Exposure to toxins, certain medications, viral infections, genetic predisposition |
Diagnosis | Complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis |
Differential diagnosis | Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis |
Prevention | N/A |
Treatment | Blood transfusion, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressive therapy, growth factors, antibiotics |
Medication | N/A |
Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause and treatment |
Frequency | Rare |
Deaths | N/A |
Pancytopenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal reduction in all types of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This condition can be associated with various underlying disorders, including bone marrow tumors and aplastic anemia.
Causes
Pancytopenia can result from a variety of causes:
- Aplastic Anemia: A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new cells.
- Bone Marrow Tumors: Such as leukemia, which can disrupt normal blood cell production.
- Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Used to treat cancer, these therapies can affect bone marrow function.
- Autoimmune Disorders: That may attack blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
Types
Depending on the underlying cause, pancytopenia can be:
- Acute: Rapid onset, often related to severe conditions like leukemia.
- Chronic: Slow development, may be due to long-term diseases or medications.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pancytopenia may include:
- Fatigue and weakness (due to anemia)
- Increased susceptibility to infections (due to leukopenia)
- Easy bruising or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pancytopenia involves:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests
- Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
- Additional tests to determine the underlying cause
Treatment
Treatment for pancytopenia focuses on the underlying cause and may include:
- Blood transfusions
- Bone marrow transplant for conditions like aplastic anemia
- Treatment of underlying cancers or autoimmune disorders
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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Prab R. Tumpati, MD