Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and oncology that involves the intravenous infusion of stem cells to reestablish hematopoietic function in patients whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or defective.

Types of HSCT

There are two main types of HSCT, which are distinguished by the source of the stem cells:

• Autologous HSCT involves the use of a patient's own stem cells.
• Allogeneic HSCT involves the use of stem cells from a donor.

Procedure

The procedure for HSCT typically involves the administration of high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to eradicate the patient's diseased bone marrow. This is followed by the infusion of the stem cells into the patient's bloodstream, where they migrate to the bone marrow and begin to produce new blood cells.

Applications

HSCT is used to treat a variety of conditions, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, and certain immune deficiency diseases.

Risks and Complications

HSCT carries several risks and potential complications, including infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), organ damage, and infertility.

See Also

• Bone marrow transplantation
• Stem cell therapy
• Graft-versus-host disease
• Hematology
• Oncology

References

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