Onychorrhexis

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Onychorrhexis
Onychorrhexis in an adult
Synonyms	Brittle nails
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Longitudinal ridging and splitting of the nail
Complications	Increased risk of nail infection
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Aging, trauma, nutritional deficiencies, psoriasis, lichen planus
Risks	Aging, repeated trauma, exposure to chemicals
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis
Differential diagnosis	Onychoschizia, onychomycosis, psoriasis
Prevention	Avoiding trauma, using moisturizers, wearing protective gloves
Treatment	Moisturizers, biotin supplements, treating underlying conditions
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Onychorrhexis is a condition of the nails characterized by longitudinal ridges and brittleness. It is a common nail disorder that can affect both fingernails and toenails.

Signs and Symptoms

Individuals with onychorrhexis typically present with nails that have visible longitudinal ridges. These ridges can vary in depth and number, and the nails may appear thin and brittle. The condition can lead to nail splitting and may cause discomfort or pain if the nails break.

Causes

Onychorrhexis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Aging: As people age, their nails naturally become more brittle and prone to ridging.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients such as biotin, iron, and zinc can contribute to the development of onychorrhexis.
• Trauma: Repeated trauma to the nails, such as from manicures or nail biting, can lead to ridging and brittleness.
• Dermatological conditions: Conditions like psoriasis and eczema can affect nail health and lead to onychorrhexis.
• Systemic diseases: Diseases such as thyroid disorders and anemia can manifest symptoms in the nails, including onychorrhexis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of onychorrhexis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails. A healthcare provider may examine the nails and inquire about the patient's medical history and lifestyle factors. In some cases, laboratory tests may be conducted to rule out underlying systemic conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

Treatment

Treatment of onychorrhexis focuses on addressing the underlying cause. General recommendations include:

• Ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients through diet or supplements.
• Protecting the nails from trauma by wearing gloves during activities that may damage them.
• Using moisturizing creams or oils to keep the nails hydrated.
• Avoiding harsh chemicals and excessive use of nail polish removers.

In cases where onychorrhexis is due to an underlying medical condition, treating that condition may improve nail health.

Prevention

Preventive measures for onychorrhexis include maintaining a balanced diet, protecting the nails from physical damage, and avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals. Regular moisturizing and gentle nail care can also help maintain nail integrity.

See also

• Nail (anatomy)
• Nail disease
• Brittle nail syndrome
• Psoriasis
• Eczema