Fingernail
Fingernail
A fingernail (/ˈfɪŋɡərˌneɪl/) is a flat, keratinous plate that covers the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers.
Etymology
The term "fingernail" is derived from the Old English finger and nægel, which means "nail of a finger".
Anatomy
The fingernail consists of several parts including the nail plate, the nail bed, the cuticle, the nail folds, the lunula, and the matrix.
- The nail plate is the hard and translucent part, which is composed mainly of keratin.
- The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate.
- The cuticle is the tissue that overlaps the plate and rims the base of the nail.
- The nail folds are the skin folds that frame and support the nail on three sides.
- The lunula is the whitish half-moon at the base of the nail.
- The matrix is the tissue which the nail protects.
Function
Fingernails serve various functions. They protect the fingertip and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries. They also enhance precise delicate movements of the distal digits through counter-pressure exerted on the pulp of the finger.
Related Terms
- Nail care: The maintenance of the fingernails and toenails.
- Nail disease: Diseases or conditions that affect the nail.
- Nail polish: A lacquer applied to fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates.
- Manicure: A cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Fingernail
- Wikipedia's article - Fingernail
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