Nutrition transition
Nutrition Transition
Nutrition transition (/njuːˈtrɪʃ(ə)n trænˈzɪʃ(ə)n/) refers to the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes.
Etymology
The term "nutrition transition" is derived from the Latin words "nutritio" meaning nourishment and "transitio" meaning going across. It was first used in the late 20th century to describe the global trend of diet and lifestyle changes.
Definition
Nutrition transition is characterized by increased intake of processed food, sugar, fat, and animal-source food, along with decreased physical activity. This shift is often associated with rapid economic growth, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, leading to a rise in obesity and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Stages of Nutrition Transition
The nutrition transition typically involves five stages:
- Hunting and Gathering: This stage is characterized by a diet high in fiber and low in fat.
- Famine: In this stage, there is a high prevalence of undernutrition and nutrient deficiencies.
- Receding Famine: With improvements in productivity and social conditions, the prevalence of undernutrition and nutrient deficiencies decreases.
- Nutrition-Related Noncommunicable Diseases (NR-NCDs): This stage is marked by an increase in diet-related noncommunicable diseases.
- Behavioral Change: In this final stage, there is a conscious effort to adopt healthier dietary and lifestyle habits.
Related Terms
- Dietary transition: This term refers to changes in diet that occur as a result of globalization, urbanization, and income growth.
- Epidemiological transition: This term refers to the shift from infectious diseases to chronic noncommunicable diseases as the major causes of death.
- Demographic transition: This term refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nutrition transition
- Wikipedia's article - Nutrition transition
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