Neurohormone

Neurohormones are a class of hormones that are produced and released by neurons. They are a type of neurotransmitter that are transported to the bloodstream and affect distant cells. Neurohormones are involved in a variety of processes, including growth, reproduction, metabolism, and behavior.

Production and Release

Neurohormones are produced in the neurosecretory cells of the nervous system. These cells are capable of producing and releasing hormones in response to neural signals. The production and release of neurohormones are regulated by a variety of factors, including neural activity, hormonal feedback, and environmental cues.

Types of Neurohormones

There are several types of neurohormones, including peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amine hormones. Peptide hormones are made up of amino acids, while steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Amine hormones are derived from single amino acids, such as tyrosine or tryptophan.

Functions

Neurohormones play a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes. They are involved in the regulation of body temperature, appetite, sleep, and mood. They also play a role in the regulation of the immune system, metabolism, and reproduction. Some neurohormones, such as oxytocin and vasopressin, are also involved in social behavior.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal levels of neurohormones can lead to a variety of health problems. For example, high levels of the neurohormone cortisol can lead to Cushing's syndrome, while low levels can lead to Addison's disease. Neurohormones are also involved in a variety of neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

See Also

• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Neurotransmitter
• Neuroendocrinology

References

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