Neurocysticercosis

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Neurocysticercosis (pronunciation: /ˌnʊəroʊˌsɪstɪkɜːrˈkoʊsɪs/) is a specific form of cysticercosis, which is an infection caused by the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium).

Etymology

The term "neurocysticercosis" is derived from the Greek words neuron meaning "nerve", kystis meaning "bladder", and kirkos meaning "ring". This refers to the infection of the nervous system by the cystic larvae of Taenia solium.

Overview

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. The disease is caused by the ingestion of eggs from the pork tapeworm, which then develop into larvae in the body and form cysts in the brain. These cysts can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including seizures, headaches, and changes in mental status.

Symptoms

The symptoms of neurocysticercosis can vary widely, depending on the number, size, and location of the cysts. Common symptoms include seizures, headaches, dizziness, and changes in mental status or personality. In severe cases, the disease can cause hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan, and serological tests. The definitive diagnosis is made by identifying the characteristic cysts in the brain on imaging studies.

Treatment

Treatment for neurocysticercosis typically involves a combination of antiparasitic drugs, corticosteroids, and, in some cases, surgery. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the disease and the number and location of the cysts.

Prevention

Prevention of neurocysticercosis primarily involves proper food handling and cooking practices to avoid ingestion of pork tapeworm eggs. This includes thoroughly cooking pork and washing hands and kitchen utensils thoroughly after handling raw pork.

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