Microhydranencephaly

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Microhydranencephaly (pronunciation: /ˌmaɪ.kroʊˌhaɪ.drən.ɛnˈsɛf.ə.li/) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the brain's development. The term is derived from the Greek words "micro" (small), "hydro" (water), "an" (without), and "encephaly" (brain), indicating the condition's characteristic features.

Definition

Microhydranencephaly is a severe form of hydranencephaly, where the brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid. In microhydranencephaly, these sacs are significantly smaller than in typical hydranencephaly.

Symptoms

Symptoms of microhydranencephaly can include microcephaly (small head size), spasticity (increased muscle tone), seizures, and developmental delay. Many affected individuals also have features of holoprosencephaly, a condition that affects the development of the brain's structure.

Causes

The exact cause of microhydranencephaly is unknown, but it is thought to result from disruptions to the brain's development during pregnancy. Some cases have been associated with genetic mutations.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for microhydranencephaly. Treatment is supportive and aims to manage symptoms. This can include physiotherapy, medication for seizures, and special education services.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with microhydranencephaly is generally poor, with most affected individuals not surviving past infancy. However, some individuals with milder forms of the condition have been reported to survive into adulthood.

See also

External links

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