Infestation

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Infestation
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Itching, redness, rash, visible parasites
Complications	Secondary infection, anemia, allergic reaction
Onset	Varies depending on the type of infestation
Duration	Until treated
Types	N/A
Causes	Parasites such as lice, mites, ticks, fleas
Risks	Poor hygiene, close contact with infested individuals or animals
Diagnosis	Physical examination, identification of parasites
Differential diagnosis	Dermatitis, allergic reactions
Prevention	Good hygiene, avoiding contact with infested individuals or animals
Treatment	Topical treatments, oral medications, removal of parasites
Medication	Permethrin, ivermectin, antihistamines
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common worldwide
Deaths	N/A

Infestation refers to the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites. It is a term commonly used in medicine and veterinary science to describe the presence of ectoparasites on the surface of a host organism. Infestations can affect both humans and animals, leading to various health issues and discomfort.

Types of Infestation

Infestations can be broadly categorized based on the type of organism involved:

Ectoparasitic Infestations

Ectoparasites are organisms that live on the surface of the host. Common examples include:

• Ticks: These arachnids are known for transmitting diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. They attach to the skin of the host to feed on blood.
• Fleas: Small, wingless insects that are notorious for infesting pets like dogs and cats. Fleas can cause flea allergy dermatitis and transmit tapeworms.
• Lice: These insects infest the hair and skin, leading to conditions such as pediculosis. Lice infestations are common in crowded living conditions.
• Mites: These tiny arthropods can cause scabies in humans and mange in animals.

Endoparasitic Infestations

Although the term "infestation" is typically used for ectoparasites, it is sometimes applied to endoparasites, which live inside the host. Examples include:

• Helminths: Parasitic worms such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract or other organs.
• Protozoa: Single-celled organisms that can cause diseases like malaria and giardiasis.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of an infestation depend on the type of parasite involved. Common signs include:

• Itching and irritation at the site of infestation
• Redness and swelling
• Rash or skin lesions
• Secondary infections due to scratching

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may include laboratory tests to identify the specific parasite.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment of infestations involves the use of antiparasitic medications, which can be topical or systemic, depending on the type of parasite. Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining good hygiene and sanitation
• Regular grooming and inspection of pets
• Use of insect repellents and protective clothing
• Environmental control measures, such as pest control and habitat modification

Impact on Health

Infestations can have significant health impacts, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. They can lead to discomfort, secondary infections, and in some cases, severe diseases transmitted by the parasites.

See also

• Parasitism
• Vector (epidemiology)
• Zoonosis
• Public health