Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia (pronounced: /haɪpərˈkæpniə/) is a medical condition characterized by an elevated level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream. The term is derived from the Greek words 'hyper', meaning 'over' or 'above', and 'kapnos', meaning 'smoke'.
Definition
Hypercapnia is defined as a state where there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. It is often caused by hypoventilation or disordered breathing where not enough oxygen enters the lungs and not enough carbon dioxide is emitted. It can also be caused by rebreathing exhaled CO2.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hypercapnia can vary from mild to severe and can include shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, and possible impaired consciousness or seizures in severe cases.
Causes
Hypercapnia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and certain neuromuscular disorders. It can also occur as a result of exposure to environments with high levels of carbon dioxide, such as volcanic or industrial areas.
Treatment
Treatment for hypercapnia typically involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include medications to treat lung disease, lifestyle changes such as weight loss or smoking cessation, or in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.
Related Terms
- Hypocapnia: A state of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood.
- Respiratory failure: A condition in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hypercapnia
- Wikipedia's article - Hypercapnia
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