HDAC4

HDAC4 or Histone Deacetylase 4 is a gene that encodes a member of the class II histone deacetylase family. Proteins encoded by this gene are involved in the regulation of transcription, the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA.

Function

HDAC4 is a histone deacetylase that can bind to the transcription factor MEF2 and repress its activity. The encoded protein can also form a complex with other transcription factors and with myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins, thereby inhibiting MEF2-dependent genes, which play a role in muscle differentiation.

Structure

The HDAC4 protein is composed of 1084 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 122 kDa. It contains a histone deacetylase catalytic domain and a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which allows it to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the HDAC4 gene have been associated with brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and short fingers and toes. In addition, HDAC4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

Research

Research on HDAC4 has focused on its role in cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. It has been found to be a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone development. In addition, it has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal survival and death.

See Also

• Histone Deacetylase
• Transcription (genetics)
• Brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome
• Cell differentiation
• Apoptosis
• Cell cycle