Grand Calumet River

Miller Lagoon toward Lake Street

== Grand Calumet River ==

The Grand Calumet River is a river that flows through Northern Indiana and Illinois, in the United States. It is part of the Calumet River system and is approximately 13 miles (21 km) long. The river has historically been a significant waterway for the region, particularly for industrial activities.

Course

The Grand Calumet River originates in the Miller Beach neighborhood of Gary, Indiana, and flows westward through the cities of Gary, East Chicago, and Hammond before entering the Illinois state line. It eventually merges with the Little Calumet River and the Calumet River.

Environmental Issues

The Grand Calumet River has faced severe pollution issues due to industrial discharge and urban runoff. The river has been contaminated with heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. Efforts have been made to remediate the river, including dredging contaminated sediments and restoring natural habitats.

Restoration Efforts

Several initiatives have been undertaken to clean up the Grand Calumet River. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and local agencies have been involved in various projects aimed at reducing pollution levels and improving water quality. These efforts include the removal of contaminated sediments and the restoration of wetlands along the river's course.

Flora and Fauna

Despite its pollution issues, the Grand Calumet River supports a variety of wildlife. Restoration projects have helped to re-establish habitats for species such as the Great Blue Heron, American Mink, and various species of fish and amphibians.

Historical Significance

The Grand Calumet River has played a crucial role in the industrial development of the Calumet Region. It has been a vital waterway for transportation and industrial activities, contributing to the economic growth of the area. However, this industrial use has also led to significant environmental degradation.

Recreation

In recent years, efforts have been made to improve the recreational value of the Grand Calumet River. Projects aimed at enhancing water quality and restoring natural habitats have made parts of the river more suitable for activities such as fishing, bird watching, and kayaking.

See Also

• Calumet River
• Little Calumet River
• Gary, Indiana
• East Chicago, Indiana
• Hammond, Indiana
• Pollution
• Environmental Protection Agency