Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (pronunciation: pɒliːklɔːraɪneɪtɪd baɪfiːnəlz, etymology: derived from the Greek words poly meaning many, chloros meaning green, and biphenyl referring to the chemical structure) are a group of man-made organic chemicals consisting of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Description
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chlorinated compounds that have two phenyl rings and a varying number of chlorine atoms. They were widely used in various industrial applications due to their chemical stability, low flammability, and electrical insulating properties. However, due to their persistence in the environment and potential health risks, the production of PCBs was banned in the United States in 1979.
Health Effects
Exposure to PCBs can lead to various health effects. These include neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, immune system suppression, liver damage, skin irritation, and endocrine disruption. PCBs are also classified as probable human carcinogens by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Environmental Impact
PCBs are persistent organic pollutants that can remain in the environment for long periods. They can bioaccumulate in organisms and biomagnify up the food chain, posing risks to both wildlife and humans. PCBs can be found in soil, water, and air, and can travel long distances from their source of release.
Regulation
Due to their harmful effects, the production, use, and disposal of PCBs are regulated under various international agreements and national laws. These include the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Toxic Substances Control Act in the United States.
See Also
- Persistent organic pollutant
- Chlorinated compounds
- Environmental toxicology
- Toxic Substances Control Act
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Polychlorinated biphenyls
- Wikipedia's article - Polychlorinated biphenyls
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