Executive functions

Executive functions (pronounced: ex·ec·u·tive func·tions, /ɪgˈzɛkjʊtɪv ˈfʌŋkʃənz/) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior. These functions include basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. They also include higher order functions such as reasoning, problem solving, and planning.

Etymology

The term "executive function" is derived from the concept of the executive in management theory. The executive is the part of the system that controls and manages the other parts. In the same way, executive functions are the cognitive processes that control and manage other cognitive processes.

Related terms

Attentional control: The ability to focus attention on relevant information and ignore irrelevant information.
Cognitive inhibition: The ability to suppress prepotent responses.
Inhibitory control: The ability to control one's behaviors and resist temptation.
Working memory: The ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind over short periods of time.
Cognitive flexibility: The ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts, or to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.
Reasoning: The process of thinking about things in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment.
Problem solving: The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
Planning: The process of making plans or deciding in advance what to do or how to do it.