Erucic acid

A monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid

Erucic acid

Rape plants, a source of erucic acid

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is classified as an omega-9 fatty acid. It is denoted by the chemical formula C₂₂H₄₂O₂ and is also known by its systematic name, (Z)-docos-13-enoic acid. Erucic acid is primarily found in the seeds of the Brassicaceae family, particularly in rapeseed and mustard seeds.

Chemical structure and properties

Erucic acid is characterized by a long carbon chain with a single double bond located at the omega-9 position. This double bond is in the cis configuration, which contributes to the molecule's bent shape. The presence of the double bond makes erucic acid less saturated than stearic acid, a common saturated fatty acid.

Sources

The primary sources of erucic acid are the seeds of plants in the Brassicaceae family. Rapeseed oil, which is derived from the seeds of the Brassica napus plant, is one of the most common sources. Other sources include mustard seed oil and wallflower seed oil.

Uses

Erucic acid is used in the production of lubricants, emollients, and plasticizers. It is also used in the manufacture of surfactants and as a precursor for the synthesis of erucamide, which is used as a slip agent in polyethylene film production.

Health effects

The consumption of high levels of erucic acid has been associated with health concerns, particularly in relation to heart health. Studies have shown that excessive intake of erucic acid can lead to the development of myocardial lipidosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the heart muscle. As a result, the European Union and other regulatory bodies have set limits on the allowable levels of erucic acid in food products.

Regulation

Due to potential health risks, the content of erucic acid in edible oils is regulated in many countries. For example, the European Union has established a maximum limit of 5% erucic acid in oils and fats intended for human consumption. The development of canola oil, a low-erucic acid variety of rapeseed oil, has provided a safer alternative for consumers.

Related pages

• Omega-9 fatty acid
• Rapeseed oil
• Canola oil
• Fatty acid