Emollients

Emollients

Emollients (/ɪˈmɒljənts/) are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. They are a key component in the management of dry skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

Etymology

The term 'emollient' is derived from the Latin word 'emollire', which means 'to soften'. This is a reflection of the primary function of emollients, which is to soften and smooth the skin.

Types of Emollients

There are several types of emollients, including:

• Occlusives: These work by forming a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent water loss. Examples include petrolatum, lanolin, and mineral oil.

• Humectants: These attract water from the dermis into the epidermis, and in high humidity conditions, they can also draw in moisture from the environment. Examples include glycerin, urea, and alpha hydroxy acids.

• Emollient esters: These are often used in cosmetic formulations due to their pleasing aesthetic qualities. They can also provide some occlusive and humectant properties. Examples include isopropyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol, and stearic acid.

Usage

Emollients are used in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, creams, lotions, ointments, and soaps. They are also used in hair care products to smooth and add shine to the hair.

Related Terms

• Moisturizer: A product that adds moisture to the skin. Most moisturizers contain emollients.

• Occlusive: A type of emollient that works by forming a barrier on the skin to prevent water loss.

• Humectant: A type of emollient that works by attracting water to the skin.

• Dermatitis: A general term for inflammation of the skin. Emollients are often used to treat the dryness and itching associated with dermatitis.

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