Endocarp

Endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp (the combined layers of fruit tissues that surround the seeds) in a fruit. It may be hard and stony, as in a peach or cherry, or papery, as in a date.

Structure and Function

The endocarp is derived from the ovary wall of the flower and is composed of parenchyma cells. It serves to protect the seed during development and may aid in seed dispersal. In some fruits, the endocarp is fused with the seed coat, forming a structure known as a pyrene.

Types of Endocarp

Depending on the type of fruit, the endocarp may take on different forms. In drupes, such as peaches, plums, and cherries, the endocarp is the hard, stony pit that surrounds the seed. In pomes, such as apples and pears, the endocarp forms the core that houses the seeds. In legumes, the endocarp is the inner lining of the pod.

Examples

Some examples of fruits with a prominent endocarp include:

• Peaches (Prunus persica): The endocarp forms the hard pit that surrounds the seed.
• Cherries (Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus): The endocarp is the hard, stony pit.
• Dates (Phoenix dactylifera): The endocarp is a thin, papery layer that surrounds the seed.
• Coconuts (Cocos nucifera): The endocarp is the hard, woody layer that encloses the seed.

See Also

• Pericarp
• Exocarp
• Mesocarp
• Seed dispersal
• Fruit anatomy