Encopresis

Encopresis
Synonyms	Fecal soiling, fecal incontinence
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fecal incontinence, constipation, abdominal pain
Complications	Urinary tract infections, psychosocial issues
Onset	Typically after age 4
Duration	Can be chronic if untreated
Types	N/A
Causes	Chronic constipation, psychological stress
Risks	Male gender, developmental disorders, emotional disorders
Diagnosis	Medical history, physical examination, abdominal X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Hirschsprung's disease, spina bifida, hypothyroidism
Prevention	Early treatment of constipation, toilet training
Treatment	Laxatives, behavioral therapy, dietary changes
Medication	Polyethylene glycol, lactulose
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	1-3% of children over age 4
Deaths	N/A

Encopresis is a medical condition in which a person, usually a child, has involuntary fecal incontinence. This condition is often associated with chronic constipation and is most common in children aged 4 to 17.

Causes

The primary cause of encopresis is chronic constipation. When a child is constipated, they may avoid going to the bathroom because it is painful. This can lead to a build-up of hard stool in the rectum, which can stretch the rectum and cause it to lose its normal muscle tone. This can result in the child not feeling the urge to go to the bathroom, leading to involuntary leakage of stool. Other causes can include emotional stress, developmental delays, and certain medical conditions such as Hirschsprung's disease or spina bifida.

Symptoms

The main symptom of encopresis is the involuntary leakage of stool. Other symptoms can include:

• Constipation
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Poor weight gain

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of encopresis usually involves a physical examination and a review of the child's medical history. The doctor may also order tests such as an abdominal X-ray or a rectal examination to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for encopresis usually involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, which is often chronic constipation. This can involve changes to the child's diet, such as increasing fiber intake, and the use of medications to soften the stool and stimulate bowel movements. In some cases, behavioral therapy may also be recommended to help the child develop regular bowel habits.

See also

• Constipation
• Fecal incontinence
• Hirschsprung's disease
• Spina bifida