Distraction osteogenesis

Distraction Osteogenesis is a surgical process used to reconstruct skeletal deformities and lengthen the long bones of the body. This process involves the gradual separation of a surgically fractured bone, which leads to the production of new bone tissue in the gap.

Procedure

The procedure of Distraction Osteogenesis involves three stages: the Latency stage, Distraction stage, and Consolidation stage.

In the Latency stage, a surgical fracture is created in the bone that needs to be lengthened. This is followed by a period of rest to allow the initial healing of the wound.

The Distraction stage begins a few days after the surgery. The bone segments are gradually separated at a rate of 1mm per day, leading to the formation of a gap. This stimulates the body to produce new bone tissue in the gap.

The Consolidation stage is the final stage where the newly formed bone hardens and matures. This stage can last several months to ensure the bone is strong and fully functional.

Applications

Distraction Osteogenesis is used in various fields of medicine including Orthopedics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Plastic Surgery. It is used to treat conditions such as limb length discrepancy, bone defects, and craniofacial deformities.

Risks and Complications

Like any surgical procedure, Distraction Osteogenesis also carries certain risks and complications. These include infection, nerve damage, joint stiffness, and problems with the device used for distraction.

See Also

• Orthopedics
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Plastic Surgery

References

• Distraction Osteogenesis: A Review of the Literature
• Clinical Applications of Distraction Osteogenesis

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