Dandruff
Dandruff
Dandruff (/ˈdæn.drʌf/; from Old English dandruff, meaning "loose scales") is a common scalp condition marked by flaking of the skin on your scalp.
Etymology
The term "dandruff" is believed to have been derived from the Old English dandruff, which means "loose scales". The term was first used in the 1540s.
Causes
Dandruff can have several causes, including dry skin, sensitivity to hair products, and skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or eczema. The overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus can also cause dandruff. This overgrowth can be caused by stress, hormones, too much oil on the scalp, or problems with the immune system.
Symptoms
The most noticeable symptom of dandruff is flaking of the skin on the scalp. The flakes are often noticeable if they fall from your scalp onto your shoulders. Your scalp can also feel dry and itchy.
Treatment
Dandruff can often be treated with over-the-counter anti-dandruff or special dandruff shampoos. These shampoos contain different active ingredients, such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, coal tar, and salicylic acid. If over-the-counter shampoos don't help, your doctor may prescribe a prescription shampoo or scalp lotion.
Related Terms
- Seborrheic dermatitis: A common skin condition that mainly affects your scalp, causing scaly patches, red skin and stubborn dandruff.
- Eczema: A condition that makes your skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age.
- Psoriasis: A skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Dandruff
- Wikipedia's article - Dandruff
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