Cyclooxygenase-2

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the inflammation process and is associated with certain diseases, such as cancer and arthritis. It is one of the two isoenzymes that produce prostaglandins, a group of lipid compounds that have diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

Function

COX-2 is primarily responsible for the production of prostaglandins. These compounds are produced in response to injury or infection and cause inflammation and pain. They also protect the lining of the stomach and intestines, help with blood clotting, and maintain kidney function.

Role in Disease

COX-2 is overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. This overexpression is thought to promote the growth and spread of cancer cells. In addition, COX-2 is involved in the development of arthritis, as it is responsible for the inflammation and pain associated with this condition.

Inhibition

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting the activity of COX-2. This reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. However, because COX-2 also has protective effects on the stomach and intestines, long-term use of NSAIDs can lead to gastrointestinal side effects.

See Also

• Cyclooxygenase-1
• Prostaglandin
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

References

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  Enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid

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  AACOX

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  PGG2 mechanism

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  Cyclooxygenase inhibitors

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  Flurbiprofen in COX-2