Isoenzyme
Isoenzyme
Isoenzyme (pronounced: /ˌaɪsoʊˈɛnzaɪm/), also known as an isozyme (pronounced: /ˌaɪsoʊˈzaɪm/), is a type of enzyme that has the same function as another enzyme but is encoded by a different gene and may have different structural characteristics.
Etymology
The term "Isoenzyme" is derived from the Greek words 'isos' meaning 'equal', and 'enzyme', which comes from 'en zyme', meaning 'in yeast'. The term was first used in the mid-20th century to describe enzymes that catalyze the same reactions but differ in properties such as structure and composition.
Function
Isoenzymes are found in different tissues within the same organism and can provide a mechanism for fine-tuning metabolic regulation. They often differ in their kinetic properties, regulatory properties, and subcellular location, allowing the cell to tailor metabolic responses to specific conditions.
Examples
Some examples of isoenzymes include lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase. Each of these enzymes exists in multiple forms that perform the same basic function but have different kinetic properties and are found in different tissues.
Related Terms
- Enzyme: A protein that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
- Gene: The basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.
- Lactate dehydrogenase: An enzyme that helps turn sugar into energy for your cells.
- Creatine kinase: An enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
- Alkaline phosphatase: An enzyme found in several tissues throughout the body.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Isoenzyme
- Wikipedia's article - Isoenzyme
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