Congenital cataract

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Congenital cataract
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cloudy vision, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus
Complications	Amblyopia, glaucoma, blindness
Onset	At birth
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic disorders, intrauterine infections, metabolic disorders
Risks	Family history, maternal infections during pregnancy
Diagnosis	Ophthalmic examination, slit lamp examination, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Retinoblastoma, persistent fetal vasculature, retinopathy of prematurity
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery, corrective lenses, patching therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	1-6 per 10,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

White congenital cataract

Fetal cataract

Congenital cataract is a condition that is present at birth, where the lens of the eye is clouded, causing vision problems. This condition can affect one or both eyes.

Causes

Congenital cataracts are often caused by genetic mutations. Other causes can include infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, or cytomegalovirus. Certain metabolic disorders, such as galactosemia, can also cause congenital cataracts.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of a congenital cataract is a white or gray cloudiness in the pupil of the eye. This can be present at birth or develop shortly after. Other symptoms can include nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), strabismus (crossed eyes), and vision problems.

Diagnosis

Congenital cataracts can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. This can include a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and tonometry. Genetic testing may also be done to determine if the cataract is due to a genetic mutation.

Treatment

Treatment for congenital cataracts often involves surgery to remove the cataract. This is usually followed by the use of glasses or contact lenses to correct vision. In some cases, an artificial lens may be implanted during surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for congenital cataracts is generally good, especially if the cataract is detected and treated early. However, some children may have permanent vision loss if the cataract is not treated promptly.

See also

• Cataract
• Pediatric ophthalmology
• Eye surgery