Cilofungin
An antifungal medication
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Cilofungin is an antifungal medication that was developed for the treatment of fungal infections. It belongs to the class of echinocandins, which are known for their mechanism of action that involves inhibiting the synthesis of beta-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall.
Mechanism of Action
Cilofungin works by targeting the enzyme beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase, which is crucial for the synthesis of beta-glucan in the fungal cell wall. By inhibiting this enzyme, cilofungin disrupts the integrity of the cell wall, leading to osmotic instability and ultimately the death of the fungal cell. This mechanism is particularly effective against Candida species and some Aspergillus species.
Clinical Use
Cilofungin was primarily investigated for its use in treating systemic candidiasis and other serious fungal infections. However, its development was halted, and it was never marketed. The reasons for this include the emergence of newer echinocandins with better pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer side effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Cilofungin is administered intravenously due to its poor oral bioavailability. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys. The pharmacokinetic properties of cilofungin, such as its half-life and distribution, were studied during its development phase.
Side Effects
The side effects of cilofungin are similar to those of other echinocandins and may include infusion-related reactions, such as fever, chills, and rash. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were also concerns during its clinical trials.
Development and Discontinuation
Cilofungin was one of the first echinocandins to be developed, but it was eventually discontinued in favor of newer agents like caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin. These newer drugs offered improved efficacy, safety, and dosing convenience.
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Cilofungin
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