Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal Crossover
Chromosomal crossover (pronunciation: /ˈkroʊməˌsoʊməl ˈkrɒsˌoʊvər/) is a vital process that occurs during meiosis, a type of cell division that produces gametes in sexually reproducing organisms.
Etymology
The term "chromosomal crossover" is derived from the English words "chromosome", which is a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes, and "crossover", which refers to the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes.
Definition
Chromosomal crossover, also known as recombination, is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis. Synapsis is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.
Process
During chromosomal crossover, the chromosomes break at corresponding points along their length and then rejoin to the opposite piece. This process can result in an exchange of alleles between chromosomes. The points where the chromosomes break during crossover are known as chiasmata (singular: chiasma).
Significance
Chromosomal crossover increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes in the gametes that are not found in either parent, contributing to genetic variation in a population. It is one of the processes that drive evolution and adaptation in species.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chromosomal crossover
- Wikipedia's article - Chromosomal crossover
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