Natural selection
Natural Selection
Natural Selection (pronunciation: /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəl sɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/) is a fundamental mechanism of evolution, conceptualized by Charles Darwin. It refers to the process by which biological traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction of their bearers.
Etymology
The term "Natural Selection" was popularized by Charles Darwin who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.
Definition
Natural Selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.
Process
Natural Selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage will become more common in a population. Over time, this process can result in adaptations that specialize organisms for particular ecological niches and may eventually result in the emergence of new species.
Related Terms
- Evolution: The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
- Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
- Species: A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Natural selection
- Wikipedia's article - Natural selection
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