Non-homologous end joining

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. Pronounced as "non-homologous end joining", the term originates from the process's ability to join two DNA ends that are not homologous to each other.

Definition

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a mechanism in cells that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. It is referred to as "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly ligated without the need for a homologous template, in contrast to the homologous recombination repair pathway.

Process

The NHEJ process involves several steps: recognition of the DNA damage, end processing, and finally ligation of the broken ends. This process is facilitated by several proteins, including Ku, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, Ligase IV, and XLF.

Role in Organisms

In humans and other eukaryotes, NHEJ is especially important for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation or the collapse of DNA replication forks. It also plays a critical role in V(D)J recombination, which is essential for the development of the immune system.

Related Terms

• DNA repair
• Double-strand break repair
• Homologous recombination
• V(D)J recombination

See Also

• DNA damage (naturally occurring)
• DNA replication

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Non-homologous end joining
• Wikipedia's article - Non-homologous end joining

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