Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy (pronounced: an-yoo-ploy-dee) is a condition in which the chromosome number in cells is not an exact multiple of the haploid number. This can result in an abnormal number of chromosomes, either more or less than the usual diploid number.
Etymology
The term "Aneuploidy" comes from the Greek words "an" meaning not, "eu" meaning good, and "ploidy" meaning set, referring to the abnormal set of chromosomes.
Causes
Aneuploidy is typically caused by a process called nondisjunction, which occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis. This results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.
Types of Aneuploidy
There are several types of aneuploidy, depending on which chromosomes are affected. These include:
- Monosomy: This occurs when a cell has one less chromosome than normal. An example is Turner syndrome, where individuals have only one X chromosome.
- Trisomy: This occurs when a cell has one extra chromosome. Examples include Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), and Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13).
- Tetrasomy and Pentasomy: These occur when a cell has two or three extra chromosomes, respectively.
Effects
The effects of aneuploidy can vary greatly, depending on the specific chromosomes involved. Some forms of aneuploidy can lead to miscarriage, while others can result in a variety of physical and mental disabilities.
Diagnosis
Aneuploidy can be diagnosed through several methods, including prenatal testing, karyotyping, and genetic testing.
Treatment
There is currently no cure for aneuploidy. Treatment typically focuses on managing the symptoms and complications associated with the specific type of aneuploidy.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Aneuploidy
- Wikipedia's article - Aneuploidy
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