Carboxylesterase 3

Carboxylesterase 3

Carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) is an enzyme that belongs to the carboxylesterase family, which plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of ester and amide bonds in various xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. CES3 is involved in the metabolism of drugs, lipids, and other biomolecules.

Structure and Function

Carboxylesterase 3 is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family, characterized by a core structure that facilitates the hydrolysis of ester bonds. The enzyme is primarily expressed in the liver, but it is also found in other tissues such as the intestine and kidney.

CES3 functions by catalyzing the conversion of ester and amide bonds into alcohols and acids, which are more easily excreted from the body. This enzymatic activity is essential for the detoxification of pharmaceuticals and the metabolism of lipid molecules.

Role in Drug Metabolism

Carboxylesterase 3 is involved in the biotransformation of various therapeutic agents, including prodrugs that require activation through hydrolysis. The enzyme's activity can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs, affecting their efficacy and toxicity.

Genetic Variability

The CES3 gene exhibits polymorphisms that can lead to variations in enzyme activity among individuals. These genetic differences can impact the metabolism of drugs and the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in CES3 activity have been associated with various diseases and conditions. For example, changes in enzyme function can affect lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.

Research and Applications

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the role of CES3 in drug metabolism and its potential as a biomarker for predicting drug response. Additionally, CES3 is being studied for its involvement in the metabolism of environmental toxins and its potential role in cancer therapy.

See Also

• Carboxylesterase
• Drug metabolism
• Lipid metabolism
• Enzyme polymorphism

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