Cancer genetics
Cancer Genetics
Cancer genetics is the study of genetic mutations and hereditary factors that contribute to the development of cancer. It is a branch of medical genetics that focuses on the genetic basis of cancer.
Pronunciation
Cancer: /ˈkænsər/ Genetics: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪks/
Etymology
The term "cancer" comes from the Latin cancer meaning "crab", due to the crab-like spread of the disease in the body. "Genetics" is derived from the Greek genetikos meaning "genitive" and genesis meaning "origin".
Definition
Cancer genetics involves the identification and study of genetic mutations that may lead to the development of cancer. These mutations can be inherited or acquired, and can affect a variety of genes, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes.
Related Terms
- Oncogenes: Genes that have the potential to cause cancer. When they are mutated or expressed at high levels, they can help turn a normal cell into a cancerous cell.
- Tumor suppressor genes: Genes that protect a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer.
- DNA repair genes: Genes involved in the repair of damaged DNA. Mutations in these genes can lead to the development of cancer.
Importance
Understanding cancer genetics can help in the early detection and prevention of cancer. It can also aid in the development of targeted therapies, improving the prognosis for many cancer patients.
See Also
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