Tumor suppressor genes

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Tumor Suppressor Genes

Tumor suppressor genes (pronunciation: /ˈtjuːmər səˈprɛsər dʒiːnz/) are a type of gene that regulates cell division and prevents the formation of cancer. They are crucial in maintaining the normal growth and division of cells. When these genes are altered or mutated, they can lead to the development of cancer.

Etymology

The term "tumor suppressor gene" is derived from the Latin word "tumor", meaning swelling, and the English word "suppressor", which refers to the gene's function of suppressing or preventing the abnormal growth of cells.

Function

Tumor suppressor genes function by producing proteins that control cell growth and division. These proteins can repair DNA damage, control cell death (apoptosis), and regulate the cell cycle. When these genes are mutated or lost, cells can divide uncontrollably and form a tumor.

Examples

Some examples of tumor suppressor genes include TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and RB1. Mutations in these genes are associated with various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and lung cancer.

Related Terms

  • Oncogene: A gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In contrast to tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes promote cell growth and division.
  • Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to the development of cancer.
  • Carcinogenesis: The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.

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