CD5

CD5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD5 gene. CD5 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily and is predominantly expressed in T cells and B cells, which are both types of white blood cells. It plays a role in the immune system's response to disease and infection.

Structure

CD5 is a type 1 transmembrane protein that contains three extracellular SRCR domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The SRCR domains are involved in protein-protein interactions, and the cytoplasmic tail interacts with intracellular proteins to mediate signal transduction.

Function

CD5 plays a crucial role in the immune response. It is involved in the activation and differentiation of T cells and B cells. CD5 acts as a negative regulator of these cells, helping to prevent overactive immune responses and autoimmune diseases. It does this by inhibiting the signaling pathways that lead to cell activation and proliferation.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the number of CD5+ B cells have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, CD5 is a marker for certain types of lymphoma and leukemia, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation
• T cell
• B cell
• Autoimmune disease
• Lymphoma
• Leukemia

References

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