Cluster of differentiation
Cluster of differentiation
The Cluster of differentiation (pronunciation: /ˈklʌstər ɒv ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˈeɪʃən/) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. The term was coined in the 1st International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens in 1982.
Etymology
The term "Cluster of differentiation" is derived from the purpose of these molecules in the differentiation and categorization of cells, particularly leukocytes. The term "cluster" refers to the grouping of different molecules that serve similar or related functions.
Function
Clusters of differentiation are used in immunophenotyping for differentiating and counting the various cell types within a sample. They are detected on the cell surface by immunofluorescence or ELISA and are commonly used in research and diagnostic tools.
Related Terms
- Leukocytes: White blood cells that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
- Immunophenotyping: A technique used to study the protein expressed by cells. This technique is used in routine diagnostics, for example in leukemia and lymphoma diagnostics.
- Immunofluorescence: A technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples.
- ELISA: A plate-based assay technique designed for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones.
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