Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (pronounced: bio-sin-thuh-sis) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways.
Etymology
The term "biosynthesis" is derived from the Greek words "bios" meaning "life" and "synthesis" meaning "putting together".
Related Terms
- Metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
- Enzyme: A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
- Substrate: A substance on which an enzyme acts.
- Macromolecule: A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
- Metabolic Pathway: A linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
Biosynthesis in Detail
Biosynthesis is an essential part of the metabolism, where it serves two main purposes. First, it is used to convert nutrients into energy through the process of cellular respiration. Second, it is used to create the building blocks that the organism needs to grow and function properly.
The process of biosynthesis can be divided into two types: anabolic and catabolic. Anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Catabolic reactions, on the other hand, break down complex molecules into simpler ones and release energy in the process.
Biosynthesis is regulated by the action of enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. These enzymes are coded for by genes, and their activity can be increased or decreased in response to the cell's needs.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biosynthesis
- Wikipedia's article - Biosynthesis
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