Vulvar cancer

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Vulvar cancer
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Itching, pain, bleeding, lump
Complications	Metastasis, lymph node involvement
Onset	Typically after age 50
Duration	Long-term
Types	Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma
Causes	Human papillomavirus (HPV), lichen sclerosus, smoking
Risks	HPV infection, smoking, immunosuppression, lichen sclerosus
Diagnosis	Biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, lichen sclerosus, Bartholin's cyst
Prevention	HPV vaccination, smoking cessation, regular gynecological examination
Treatment	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on stage; early detection improves outcomes
Frequency	Rare; approximately 1-2 per 100,000 women annually
Deaths	Varies by stage and treatment success

Vulvar cancer

Stage 1A and 1B cancer of the vulva

Stage 2 cancer of the vulva

Stage 3 cancer of the vulva

Stage 4A cancer of the vulva

Stage 4B cancer of the vulva

3 in 1 incision vulvectomy

Vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia. It is a relatively rare disease, accounting for about 0.6% of all cancers in women.

Types

There are several types of vulvar cancer, which are classified based on the type of cell in which they begin. The most common types include:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of vulvar cancer, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It begins in the thin, flat cells that line the surface of the vulva.
• Adenocarcinoma: This type of vulvar cancer begins in the cells of the glandular tissue that lines the vulva. It is less common than squamous cell carcinoma.
• Melanoma: This type of vulvar cancer begins in the pigment-producing cells in the skin of the vulva.

Symptoms

The symptoms of vulvar cancer can vary, but may include:

• A lump or growth on the vulva
• Persistent itching, pain, or soreness in the vulvar area
• Changes in the color or skin of the vulva
• Bleeding or discharge not related to the menstrual cycle

Risk factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing vulvar cancer, including:

• Age: The risk of vulvar cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 60.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain types of HPV, a sexually transmitted infection, can increase the risk of vulvar cancer.
• Smoking: Women who smoke are at a higher risk of developing vulvar cancer.

Treatment

The treatment for vulvar cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

See also

• Cervical cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Uterine cancer

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