Paruresis

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Paruresis
File:Charles Marville, Urinoir en ardoise à 3 stalles, Chaussée du Maine, ca. 1865.jpg
Synonyms	Shy bladder syndrome, urophobia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Difficulty urinating in the presence of others
Complications	Urinary tract infection, bladder dysfunction
Onset	Typically during adolescence
Duration	Long-term
Types
Causes	Social anxiety disorder, learned behavior
Risks
Diagnosis	Based on clinical assessment
Differential diagnosis	Urinary retention, prostatitis, urethral stricture
Prevention
Treatment	Cognitive behavioral therapy, graduated exposure therapy
Medication	Antidepressants, anxiolytics
Prognosis	Variable, often manageable with treatment
Frequency	Affects up to 7% of the population
Deaths	N/A

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Paruresis

Paruresis is a type of phobia in which the sufferer is unable to urinate in the real or imaginary presence of others, such as in a public restroom. The severity of paruresis can vary greatly, from a mild inconvenience to a severe disability which can be extremely limiting both socially and professionally.

Causes

The exact cause of paruresis is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of physical and psychological factors. Some people may have a naturally shy bladder, while others may develop the condition as a result of a traumatic event. It is also thought that paruresis may be linked to social anxiety disorder.

Symptoms

The main symptom of paruresis is the inability to urinate when others are present or could potentially be present. This can occur in a variety of situations, such as in public restrooms, at someone else's home, or even in one's own home when guests are present. The person may be able to urinate in some situations but not others, and the severity of the condition can vary greatly.

Treatment

Treatment for paruresis typically involves a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy. CBT helps the person to identify and change negative thought patterns that may be contributing to their condition, while exposure therapy involves gradually exposing the person to the situation that triggers their paruresis in order to help them overcome their fear.

See also

• Phobia
• Social anxiety disorder
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Exposure therapy

References

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