Childhood leukemia

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Childhood leukemia
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fatigue (medical), pallor, bruising, bleeding, fever, bone pain, swollen lymph nodes
Complications	Infection, anemia, bleeding disorders
Onset	Typically in children under 15 years old
Duration	Varies, often chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutations, radiation exposure, chemical exposure
Risks	Down syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Fanconi anemia, radiation therapy
Diagnosis	Complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic analysis
Differential diagnosis	Infectious mononucleosis, aplastic anemia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies, generally good with treatment
Frequency	Approximately 3,000 new cases per year in the United States
Deaths	N/A

Young patient holds teddy bear

Childhood leukemia is a type of cancer that originates in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. It is the most common type of cancer in children, accounting for about 30% of all cancers diagnosed in children under the age of 15.

Types of Childhood Leukemia

There are several types of childhood leukemia, but the two most common are Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

ALL is the most common type of leukemia in children. It affects the lymphoid cells, which form lymphoid or lymphatic tissue. This tissue makes up the immune system.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

AML is less common in children than ALL. It affects the myeloid cells, which form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Symptoms

Symptoms of childhood leukemia can vary widely, but may include fatigue, fever, bruising or bleeding, frequent infections, and bone pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of childhood leukemia typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Further tests may be needed to determine the specific type of leukemia and to guide treatment.

Treatment

Treatment for childhood leukemia typically involves chemotherapy, and may also include radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type of leukemia, the child's age and overall health, and other factors.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with leukemia has improved significantly in recent decades, thanks to advances in treatment. However, the disease can still be life-threatening, and long-term side effects of treatment can be significant.

See Also

• Cancer in children
• Hematology
• Oncology

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