Stress ulcer

Stress ulcer
Synonyms	Stress-related mucosal disease
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain
Complications	Perforation, peritonitis, sepsis
Onset	Acute
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Physiological stress, critical illness, trauma, burns, sepsis
Risks	Mechanical ventilation, coagulopathy, shock
Diagnosis	Endoscopy, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, esophagitis
Prevention	Proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists
Treatment	Acid suppression therapy, endoscopic intervention, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on underlying condition
Frequency	Common in intensive care unit patients
Deaths	N/A

Stress ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that is a mucosal defect which can be caused by an imbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors in the stomach. Stress ulcers are often associated with severe illness, multi-organ failure, or major surgery. They are distinct from gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers, which are primarily linked to Helicobacter pylori infection or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.

Causes

Stress ulcers are caused by an imbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors in the stomach. Aggressive factors include acid, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Defensive factors include mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow to the stomach lining, prostaglandins, and the stomach lining's ability to regenerate and repair itself.

Symptoms

The symptoms of stress ulcers can vary, but they often include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes bleeding. In severe cases, stress ulcers can lead to complications such as perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of stress ulcers is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. In some cases, an endoscopy may be performed to visualize the ulcers and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of stress ulcers typically involves medications to reduce stomach acid and protect the stomach lining. These may include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 receptor blockers, and sucralfate. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of stress ulcers is often focused on reducing the risk factors for ulcer development. This may include avoiding NSAIDs, treating Helicobacter pylori infection, and managing stress.

See also

• Peptic ulcer
• Gastric ulcer
• Duodenal ulcer
• Helicobacter pylori
• Endoscopy

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