Epidural abscess

Epidural abscess
Synonyms	Spinal epidural abscess, Cranial epidural abscess
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Back pain, fever, neurological deficits
Complications	Paralysis, sepsis, meningitis
Onset	Rapid or gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, fungal infection
Risks	Diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use, spinal surgery, immunosuppression
Diagnosis	MRI, CT scan, blood culture
Differential diagnosis	Discitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, meningitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, surgical drainage
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on early diagnosis and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Epidural abscess is a collection of pus between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord (dura mater) and the bones of the skull or spine. This condition is a medical emergency that can cause serious complications if not treated promptly.

Causes

Epidural abscesses are usually caused by a bacterial infection, although they can also be caused by a fungal infection. The most common bacteria involved are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The infection can spread to the epidural space from a nearby infection (such as a sinus infection or dental abscess) or through the bloodstream from a distant site.

Symptoms

Symptoms of an epidural abscess can vary depending on the location of the abscess. Common symptoms include severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, and neurological symptoms such as weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty walking, or changes in bowel or bladder function.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an epidural abscess typically involves imaging tests such as a MRI or CT scan. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may also be performed to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for testing.

Treatment

Treatment for an epidural abscess usually involves antibiotics to fight the infection and surgery to drain the abscess. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for an epidural abscess depends on the size and location of the abscess, the patient's overall health, and how quickly treatment is started. With prompt treatment, most people recover fully. However, if left untreated, an epidural abscess can lead to serious complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, or spinal cord compression.

See also

• Subdural abscess
• Brain abscess
• Spinal cord compression