Iron

Overview of iron in human health

Iron in Human Health

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Iron supplements are commonly used to treat iron deficiency.

Iron is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. It is an essential component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Iron is also a part of myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen to muscles, and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions that are critical for metabolism.

Functions of Iron

Iron is indispensable for several physiological processes:

• Oxygen Transport: As a component of hemoglobin, iron facilitates the transport of oxygen in the blood. Each hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules, allowing efficient oxygen delivery to tissues.

• Energy Production: Iron is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the electron transport chain, a series of reactions that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell.

• DNA Synthesis: Iron is necessary for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material in cells, which is crucial for cell division and growth.

• Immune Function: Iron plays a role in the proliferation and maturation of immune cells, particularly lymphocytes, which are essential for a robust immune response.

Dietary Sources of Iron

Spinach is a plant-based source of iron.

Iron is available in two forms in the diet: heme and non-heme iron. Heme iron, found in animal products such as red meat, poultry, and fish, is more readily absorbed by the body. Non-heme iron, found in plant-based foods like lentils, beans, tofu, and spinach, is less efficiently absorbed.

To enhance the absorption of non-heme iron, it is beneficial to consume it with vitamin C-rich foods, such as citrus fruits, bell peppers, and broccoli.

Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and dizziness. It is particularly prevalent among pregnant women, infants, and adolescents due to increased iron requirements.

Iron Overload

Excessive iron accumulation in the body can lead to a condition known as hemochromatosis. This can cause damage to organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas. Symptoms may include joint pain, fatigue, and skin discoloration. Management involves regular phlebotomy to remove excess iron from the body.

Iron Supplementation

Iron supplements are often prescribed to individuals with iron deficiency anemia. These supplements come in various forms, including ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate. It is important to take iron supplements under medical supervision to avoid potential side effects and complications.

Related Pages

• Anemia
• Hemoglobin
• Nutrition
• Metabolism