Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of three fused benzene rings. The name 'phenanthrene' is derived from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene'. It is a white crystalline substance, which is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Phenanthrene is used in the production of drugs, explosives, and pesticides.
Structure and Properties[edit]
Phenanthrene is a planar molecule, with the molecular formula C14H10. The carbon atoms in phenanthrene are arranged in a three-ring system, with the central ring sharing two sides with the other two rings. This structure is reflected in its IUPAC name: 1,2:3,4-dibenzonaphthalene.
Phenanthrene has a molar mass of 178.23 g/mol and a density of 1.179 g/cm3. It has a melting point of 100.2 °C and a boiling point of 340 °C. It is less reactive than its isomer anthracene.
Synthesis[edit]
Phenanthrene can be synthesized by various methods, including the Haworth reaction, the Barton-Zard synthesis, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction. It can also be obtained from coal tar, a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.
Uses[edit]
Phenanthrene is used in the synthesis of various drugs, including phenanthridine derivatives, which have anti-cancer properties. It is also used in the production of explosives and pesticides. In addition, it is used as a starting material in the synthesis of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Health Effects[edit]
Exposure to phenanthrene can cause skin and eye irritation. Ingestion can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Long-term exposure can lead to respiratory problems and may have carcinogenic effects.
Environmental Impact[edit]
Phenanthrene is a common pollutant in the environment, mainly due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. It is toxic to aquatic life and can bioaccumulate in the food chain.
Phenanthrene[edit]
-
Phenanthrene structure -
Bardhan-Sengupta Phenanthrene Synthesis -
Chemical reaction scheme -
Alternative structure -
Morphinan structure
Ad. Transform your health with W8MD Weight Loss, Sleep & MedSpa
Tired of being overweight?
Special offer:
Budget GLP-1 weight loss medications
- Semaglutide starting from $29.99/week and up with insurance for visit of $59.99 and up per week self pay.
- Tirzepatide starting from $45.00/week and up (dose dependent) or $69.99/week and up self pay
✔ Same-week appointments, evenings & weekends
Learn more:
- GLP-1 weight loss clinic NYC
- W8MD's NYC medical weight loss
- W8MD Philadelphia GLP-1 shots
- Philadelphia GLP-1 injections
- Affordable GLP-1 shots NYC
|
WikiMD Medical Encyclopedia |
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Content may be inaccurate or outdated and should not be used for diagnosis or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for medical decisions. Verify information with trusted sources such as CDC.gov and NIH.gov. By using this site, you agree that WikiMD is not liable for any outcomes related to its content. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates, categories Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
