Nilvadipine

A calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.

Nilvadipine
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Nilvadipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is primarily used in the management of hypertension and has been investigated for its potential use in treating Alzheimer's disease.

Pharmacology

Nilvadipine works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular system. This action leads to the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of nilvadipine involves the blockade of calcium channels in the arterial smooth muscle. By preventing calcium from entering these cells, nilvadipine reduces the contractility of the smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and reduced systemic vascular resistance.

Pharmacokinetics

Nilvadipine is administered orally and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, resulting in a bioavailability of approximately 20-30%. The drug is highly protein-bound and is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.

Clinical Uses

Nilvadipine is primarily used in the treatment of hypertension. It has also been studied for its potential benefits in Alzheimer's disease, where it may help to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce neuroinflammation.

Hypertension

As a calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine is effective in lowering blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels. It is often used in patients who require long-term management of hypertension.

Alzheimer's Disease

Research into nilvadipine's effects on Alzheimer's disease is ongoing. Some studies suggest that it may help to slow the progression of the disease by improving blood flow to the brain and reducing inflammation.

Side Effects

Common side effects of nilvadipine include headache, dizziness, flushing, and edema. These effects are generally mild and often resolve with continued use. More serious side effects are rare but can include hypotension and tachycardia.

Related pages

• Calcium channel blocker
• Hypertension
• Alzheimer's disease