VM (nerve agent)

VM (nerve agent)

Chemical structure of VM nerve agent

VM is a nerve agent of the V-series of organophosphorus compounds. It is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent that disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses in the nervous system, leading to muscle paralysis and potentially fatal respiratory failure.

Chemical Properties

VM is part of the V-series of nerve agents, which also includes VX, VE, VG, and others. These agents are characterized by their high toxicity and persistence in the environment. VM is an organophosphate compound, meaning it contains phosphorus bonded to carbon and oxygen atoms.

Mechanism of Action

Like other nerve agents, VM inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. When acetylcholinesterase is inhibited, acetylcholine accumulates, causing continuous stimulation of muscles, glands, and central nervous system structures. This leads to muscle spasms, seizures, and eventually paralysis.

Symptoms of Exposure

Exposure to VM can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the dose and route of exposure. Initial symptoms may include miosis (constricted pupils), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and dyspnea (difficulty breathing). As exposure increases, symptoms can progress to convulsions, loss of consciousness, and respiratory arrest.

Treatment

The primary treatment for VM exposure is the administration of atropine, which blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, and pralidoxime, which reactivates acetylcholinesterase. Benzodiazepines may also be used to control seizures.

History and Use

The V-series nerve agents were developed in the 1950s and 1960s as part of chemical weapons programs. VM, like other V-agents, was designed to be a more persistent and potent alternative to earlier nerve agents such as sarin and tabun.

Related Pages

• VX (nerve agent)
• Nerve agent
• Chemical warfare