Nitroxoline

Nitroxoline is an antibiotic that is primarily used in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is a hydroxyquinoline derivative, and it works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.

Mechanism of Action

Nitroxoline works by inhibiting the DNA synthesis of bacteria, thereby preventing their growth and multiplication. It is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter species. It also has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.

Indications

Nitroxoline is indicated for the treatment of acute, recurrent, and chronic urinary tract infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, and prostatitis. It may also be used for the prevention of UTIs in patients undergoing urological surgery or diagnostic procedures.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of nitroxoline include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Less common side effects may include rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity. Rarely, nitroxoline may cause neuropathy or hepatotoxicity.

Contraindications

Nitroxoline is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nitroxoline or other hydroxyquinolines. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or liver disease.

Drug Interactions

Nitroxoline may interact with other antibiotics, increasing the risk of side effects or decreasing their effectiveness. It may also interact with antacids and iron supplements, which can decrease the absorption of nitroxoline.

Dosage and Administration

The usual dosage of nitroxoline for adults is 100 mg taken orally three times a day. The dosage may be adjusted based on the severity of the infection and the patient's renal function.

See Also

• Antibiotics
• Urinary tract infections
• Bacteria
• DNA synthesis
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Cystitis
• Pyelonephritis
• Urethritis
• Prostatitis
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Pruritus
• Photosensitivity
• Neuropathy
• Hepatotoxicity
• Renal impairment
• Liver disease
• Antacids
• Iron supplements

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