Hepatotoxicity

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Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity (/hɪˌpætəʊtɒkˈsɪsɪti/) is a term used to describe damage to the liver caused by a substance, usually a drug or chemical. The term is derived from the Greek words 'hepar' meaning liver, and 'toxicity' meaning the quality of being poisonous.

Definition

Hepatotoxicity refers to the potential of a substance, including drugs and chemicals, to cause liver damage. This damage can range from mild (temporary and reversible) to severe (permanent and leading to liver failure).

Causes

The most common cause of hepatotoxicity is the misuse or overdose of medications, particularly acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol). Other potential causes include exposure to certain industrial chemicals, alcohol abuse, and some natural substances such as certain types of mushrooms and herbal remedies.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can vary widely, but may include jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In severe cases, hepatotoxicity can lead to liver failure, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hepatotoxicity typically involves blood tests to measure levels of liver enzymes. Elevated levels of these enzymes can indicate liver damage. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan may also be used to assess the extent of the damage.

Treatment

Treatment for hepatotoxicity depends on the cause and severity of the liver damage. In some cases, simply discontinuing the offending drug or substance may allow the liver to heal. In more severe cases, hospitalization and potentially a liver transplant may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of hepatotoxicity involves careful use of medications and avoidance of known hepatotoxic substances. Regular monitoring of liver function may also be recommended for individuals taking certain medications.

See also

External links

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