Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles

About a dozen countries and about 20 cities around the world have proposed banning the future sale of passenger vehicles powered by fossil fuels such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas and diesel. These include India, China (the largest auto market globally), Japan (the third largest auto market globally) that has comprehensive plans for a "hydrogen economy" by 2040<ref> IFRI Center for Energy. Japan's Hydrogen Strategy and its Economic and Geopolitical Implications(link). '.

</ref>, South Korea, Taiwan, also the EU auto market nations of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal, as well as Costa Rica in Central America. The intent to ban vehicles powered by fossil fuels is attractive to governments as it offers simpler target compliance<ref> Weaver, R. Kent. Target Compliance: The Final Frontier of Policy Implementation(link). Brookings Institution.

</ref> as it is focused on a specific industry, compared with a more encompassing carbon tax or phase-out of fossil fuels.<ref>

International Trade Governance and Sustainable Transport: The Expansion of Electric Vehicles(link). International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development.

December 2017.

</ref> The automotive industry is working to introduce electrified vehicles to adapt to bans <ref name="climateprotection.org"> Burch, Isabella. Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles(link). '.

September 2018.

</ref> with varying success. A partial ban enacted in 2012 by California, requiring that 15% of new vehicles offered for sale between 2018 and 2025 must be Zero Emission Vehicles ZEVs) in order for the automaker to sell any vehicles in the state, has yielded 8% compliance.<ref> ,

 What Will It  Not as Much as You Might Think Full text, 
 Union of Concerned Scientists,

</ref>

Motivation

Reasons for banning further sale of fossil fueled vehicles include to meet national climate targets under international agreements such as the Kyoto Accord and the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions that cause climate change, energy independence, or health risk due to local emissions.

Scope

The banning of fossil fuels vehicles has a defined scope and is generally applied in the form of a legislated decision to restrict further sales or registration of new vehicles powered with specific fuels from a future date. At the date of implementation current vehicles would still be registrable. As at 2017, most bans are over 10 years into the future and are not yet legislated.

References in mainstream media to these bans also use terms or phrases like "banning gas cars",<ref>

These countries are banning gas-powered vehicles by 2040(link). {{{website}}}.

</ref> "banning ICE cars" (internal combustion engine), or "banning petrol cars"<ref> Slezak, Michael. As the UK plans to phase out petrol cars, is Australia being left behind?(link). the Guardian.

30 July 2017.

</ref>.

Jurisdictions with planned fossil-fuel vehicle bans

Countries

Country	Ban announced	Ban commences	Scope	Selectivity
Template:Flagcountry	2017	no date set<ref> China to ban petrol and diesel cars, state media reports(link). {{{website}}}. </ref>|| Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2018	2021<ref> Costa Rica Plans To Eliminate Fossil Fuels By 2021(link). {{{website}}}. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || All vehicles
Template:Flagcountry	2019	2030<ref> , Denmark embraces electric car revolution with petrol and diesel ban plan Full text, , 2 October 2018, </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2040<ref> , France plans ban on petrol cars by 2040 Full text, BBC News, 6 July 2017, </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref> Arnar Thor Ingolfsson. Stefna að bensín- og dísilbílabanni 2030(link). {{{website}}}. Morgunblaðið. 2018-10-09. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales, followed by incremental phase-out of existing ICE vehicle registrations.
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref> Countries are announcing plans to phase out petrol and diesel cars. Is yours on the list?(link). {{{website}}}. </ref> (plans revoked)<ref> No plan to ban petrol, diesel vehicles, says Nitin Gadkari amid crisis in auto sector(link). Hindustan Times. 2019-09-05. Accessed 2019-09-10. </ref><ref> Slowdown Blues: Nitin Gadkari does a U-turn, says no ban on petrol, diesel cars(link). www.businesstoday.in. Accessed 2019-09-10. </ref>||Gasoline or diesel||New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref> Ireland 2040: €22bn to turn State into low-carbon economy(link). {{{website}}}. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref> Israel aims to eliminate use of coal, gasoline and diesel by 2030(link). {{{website}}}. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || Imported vehicles
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref> Denmark embraces electric car revolution with petrol and diesel ban plan(link). {{{website}}}. 7 January 2019. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2025<ref> Nine countries say they'll ban internal combustion engines(link). {{{website}}}. 7 August 2018. </ref> || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2040 – England, Wales, Northern Ireland<ref> Britain to ban sale of all diesel and petrol cars and vans from 2040(link). the Guardian. 25 July 2017. </ref> 2032 – Scotland<ref> Scotland aims to phase out new petrol, diesel cars by 2032(link). Reuters UK. 5 September 2017. </ref>|| Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
Template:Flagcountry	2017	2040<ref> , Sri Lanka to scrap state-owned fossil fuel vehicles by 2025 Full text, The Straits Times, 10 November 2017, </ref>|| Gasoline or diesel || All vehicles
Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref> Kristensson, Johan. Ny regering – nu väntar förbud mot bensinbilar(link). Ny Teknik. Accessed 2019-05-26. </ref>	Gasoline or diesel	New vehicle sales

Cities and territories

Some cities listed have signed the Fossil Fuel Free Streets Declaration, committing to ban emitting vehicles by 2030,<ref>

C40 : Fossil-Fuel-Free Streets Declaration(link). www.c40.org.

Accessed 2019-01-23.

</ref> but this does not necessarily have force of law in those jurisdictions.

City or Territory	Country	Ban announced	Ban commences	Scope	Selectivity
Amsterdam	Template:Flagcountry	2019	2030<ref name="reutersAmsterdamBan"> City of Amsterdam to ban polluting cars from 2030(link). Reuters. 2019-05-02. Accessed 2019-05-02. </ref>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles
Athens	Template:Flagcountry	2016	2025<ref name="auto2"> Harvey, Fiona. Four of world's biggest cities to ban diesel cars from their centres(link). the Guardian. 2016-12-02. Accessed 2018-04-08. </ref>	Diesel	All vehicles
Auckland	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Balearic Islands	Template:Flagcountry	2018	2025−35<ref>Mallorca Goes Deep Green</ref>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles
Barcelona	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
British Columbia	Template:Flagcountry	2018	2025<ref name="BCZEVBan">B.C. plans to ban new gas, diesel car sales by 2040</ref>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles by 2040, 10% ZEVs by 2025
Brussels	Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref> gjs. Brussel gaat dieselwagens verbannen vanaf 2030, regering wil ook maatregelen tegen benzinewagens(link). Het Nieuwsblad. Accessed 2019-01-25. </ref>	Diesel	All vehicles
Cape Town	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Copenhagen	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Hainan	Template:Flagcountry	2018	2030<ref name="Hainan">2030, Pulau Ini Larang Penjualan Mobil Berbahan Bakar Fosil</ref>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles
Heidelberg	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
London	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Los Angeles	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Madrid	Template:Flagcountry	2016	2025<ref name="auto2"/>	Diesel	All vehicles
Mexico City	Template:Flagcountry	2016	2025<ref name="auto2"/>	Diesel	All vehicles
Milan	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Oxford	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2020−35<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles (initially during daytime hours on six streets)<ref name="Independent2017"> Smith, Lydia. Oxford to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles and become 'world's first zero-emissions zone'(link). The Independent. Independent Print Limited. October 11, 2017. Accessed July 7, 2019. </ref><ref name="Oxfordcitycouncil"> Oxford Zero Emission Zone (ZEZ) frequently asked questions(link). Oxford City Council. 2019. Accessed July 7, 2019. </ref>
Paris	Template:Flagcountry	2016	2025<ref name="auto2"/>	Diesel	All vehicles
Quito	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Rome	Template:Flagcountry	2018	2024<ref> Rome latest city to announce car ban, will ban diesel cars from historical center starting 2024(link). {{{website}}}. 28 February 2018. </ref>	Diesel	All vehicles
Seattle	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Vancouver	Template:Flagcountry	2017	2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>	Gasoline or Diesel	All vehicles, electric buses by 2025

References

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