Nepafenac

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in ophthalmology

Nepafenac
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number
PubChem
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG

Nepafenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in ophthalmology to manage pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, amfenac, in the eye.

Mechanism of Action

Nepafenac works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation and pain. By reducing their production, nepafenac helps to alleviate these symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics

Nepafenac is administered as an ophthalmic suspension. Upon instillation into the eye, it penetrates the corneal tissue and is rapidly converted by intraocular hydrolases to amfenac, which is the active form. Amfenac then inhibits the COX enzymes within the eye.

Clinical Uses

Nepafenac is primarily used to reduce pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. It may also be used in other ocular inflammatory conditions as deemed appropriate by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

Common side effects of nepafenac include:

• Transient burning or stinging upon application
• Conjunctival hyperemia
• Corneal edema

Serious side effects are rare but may include:

• Corneal thinning
• Corneal erosion
• Delayed wound healing

Contraindications

Nepafenac should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to nepafenac, amfenac, or any other components of the formulation. Caution is advised in patients with a history of bleeding disorders or those taking other medications that may increase bleeding risk.

Related pages

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cataract surgery
• Prostaglandin