Hypercalcaemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypercalcaemia | |||
| image = [[File:Ca-TableImage.svg|alt=Calcium]] | |||
| caption = Calcium | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Hypercalcemia | |||
| symptoms = [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[muscle weakness]], [[confusion]], [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]] | |||
| complications = [[Kidney stones]], [[osteoporosis]], [[cardiac arrhythmias]], [[renal failure]] | |||
| onset = Can be [[acute (medicine)|acute]] or [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] | |||
| duration = Varies depending on cause | |||
| causes = [[Hyperparathyroidism]], [[cancer]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[vitamin D]] intoxication, [[medications]] | |||
| risks = [[Dehydration]], [[immobility]], [[family history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] showing elevated [[calcium]] levels | |||
| differential = [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[multiple myeloma]] | |||
| prevention = Adequate [[hydration]], monitoring in at-risk individuals | |||
| treatment = [[Intravenous therapy|IV fluids]], [[bisphosphonates]], [[calcitonin]], [[dialysis]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in [[hospitalized]] patients | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Osborn_wave.gif|Osborn wave|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Trisetum.flavescens2.-.lindsey.jpg|Hypercalcaemia|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Hypercalcaemia''' is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of [[calcium]] in the blood. It is most commonly a result of overactive [[parathyroid glands]]. Other causes include [[cancer]], certain medications, and excessive intake of [[vitamin D]] or calcium. | '''Hypercalcaemia''' is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of [[calcium]] in the blood. It is most commonly a result of overactive [[parathyroid glands]]. Other causes include [[cancer]], certain medications, and excessive intake of [[vitamin D]] or calcium. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Hypercalcaemia can be caused by various conditions, including: | Hypercalcaemia can be caused by various conditions, including: | ||
* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]: This is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia. The [[parathyroid glands]] produce too much [[parathyroid hormone]], which leads to increased levels of calcium in the blood. | * [[Hyperparathyroidism]]: This is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia. The [[parathyroid glands]] produce too much [[parathyroid hormone]], which leads to increased levels of calcium in the blood. | ||
* [[Cancer]]: Certain types of cancer can cause hypercalcaemia, including [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], and [[multiple myeloma]]. | * [[Cancer]]: Certain types of cancer can cause hypercalcaemia, including [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], and [[multiple myeloma]]. | ||
* [[Medications]]: Some medications can cause hypercalcaemia, such as [[lithium]] and certain [[diuretics]]. | * [[Medications]]: Some medications can cause hypercalcaemia, such as [[lithium]] and certain [[diuretics]]. | ||
* [[Vitamin D]] or [[calcium]] overdose: Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin D or calcium can lead to hypercalcaemia. | * [[Vitamin D]] or [[calcium]] overdose: Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin D or calcium can lead to hypercalcaemia. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of hypercalcaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include: | The symptoms of hypercalcaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include: | ||
* [[Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | * [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | ||
| Line 19: | Line 37: | ||
* [[Muscle weakness]] | * [[Muscle weakness]] | ||
* [[Bone pain]] | * [[Bone pain]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Hypercalcaemia is typically diagnosed through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition. | Hypercalcaemia is typically diagnosed through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for hypercalcaemia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include: | Treatment for hypercalcaemia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include: | ||
* [[Intravenous fluids]]: This can help to lower calcium levels and prevent [[dehydration]]. | * [[Intravenous fluids]]: This can help to lower calcium levels and prevent [[dehydration]]. | ||
* [[Medications]]: Certain medications can help to lower calcium levels, such as [[bisphosphonates]] and [[calcitonin]]. | * [[Medications]]: Certain medications can help to lower calcium levels, such as [[bisphosphonates]] and [[calcitonin]]. | ||
* [[Surgery]]: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the overactive parathyroid glands. | * [[Surgery]]: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the overactive parathyroid glands. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Hypocalcaemia]] | * [[Hypocalcaemia]] | ||
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* [[Vitamin D]] | * [[Vitamin D]] | ||
* [[Calcium]] | * [[Calcium]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine disorders]] | [[Category:Endocrine disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Mineral metabolism disorders]] | [[Category:Mineral metabolism disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:23, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Hypercalcaemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hypercalcemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, confusion, fatigue |
| Complications | Kidney stones, osteoporosis, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure |
| Onset | Can be acute or chronic |
| Duration | Varies depending on cause |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, sarcoidosis, vitamin D intoxication, medications |
| Risks | Dehydration, immobility, family history |
| Diagnosis | Blood test showing elevated calcium levels |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, multiple myeloma |
| Prevention | Adequate hydration, monitoring in at-risk individuals |
| Treatment | IV fluids, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, dialysis |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in hospitalized patients |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypercalcaemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. It is most commonly a result of overactive parathyroid glands. Other causes include cancer, certain medications, and excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium.
Causes[edit]
Hypercalcaemia can be caused by various conditions, including:
- Hyperparathyroidism: This is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia. The parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, which leads to increased levels of calcium in the blood.
- Cancer: Certain types of cancer can cause hypercalcaemia, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma.
- Medications: Some medications can cause hypercalcaemia, such as lithium and certain diuretics.
- Vitamin D or calcium overdose: Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin D or calcium can lead to hypercalcaemia.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of hypercalcaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation
- Excessive thirst and frequent urination
- Confusion or memory loss
- Muscle weakness
- Bone pain
Diagnosis[edit]
Hypercalcaemia is typically diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for hypercalcaemia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include:
- Intravenous fluids: This can help to lower calcium levels and prevent dehydration.
- Medications: Certain medications can help to lower calcium levels, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the overactive parathyroid glands.
