Systemic vasculitis: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Systemic vasculitis | |||
| image = [[File:Vasculitis_2.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Histopathological image showing vasculitis | |||
| field = [[Rheumatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[fatigue]], [[weight loss]], [[muscle pain]], [[joint pain]], [[skin rash]] | |||
| complications = [[Organ damage]], [[aneurysm]], [[thrombosis]] | |||
| onset = Variable, depending on type | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[Giant cell arteritis]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]], [[Microscopic polyangiitis]], [[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune disease]], [[infection]], [[medication]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[biopsy]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressive drugs]], [[biologic agents]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depending on type and severity | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Overview of systemic vasculitis}} | {{Short description|Overview of systemic vasculitis}} | ||
'''Systemic vasculitis''' refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, which can affect various organs and tissues throughout the body. This condition can lead to vessel wall damage, resulting in tissue ischemia and organ dysfunction. | '''Systemic vasculitis''' refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, which can affect various organs and tissues throughout the body. This condition can lead to vessel wall damage, resulting in tissue ischemia and organ dysfunction. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Systemic vasculitis is classified based on the size of the affected blood vessels: | Systemic vasculitis is classified based on the size of the affected blood vessels: | ||
===Large vessel vasculitis=== | ===Large vessel vasculitis=== | ||
* [[Giant cell arteritis]] | * [[Giant cell arteritis]] | ||
* [[Takayasu's arteritis]] | * [[Takayasu's arteritis]] | ||
===Medium vessel vasculitis=== | ===Medium vessel vasculitis=== | ||
* [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] | * [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] | ||
* [[Kawasaki disease]] | * [[Kawasaki disease]] | ||
===Small vessel vasculitis=== | ===Small vessel vasculitis=== | ||
* [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] | * [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] | ||
* [[Microscopic polyangiitis]] | * [[Microscopic polyangiitis]] | ||
* [[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] | * [[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The pathophysiology of systemic vasculitis involves immune-mediated inflammation of the blood vessel walls. This can be triggered by infections, drugs, or autoimmune processes. The inflammation leads to vessel wall damage, which can cause stenosis, aneurysm formation, or rupture. | The pathophysiology of systemic vasculitis involves immune-mediated inflammation of the blood vessel walls. This can be triggered by infections, drugs, or autoimmune processes. The inflammation leads to vessel wall damage, which can cause stenosis, aneurysm formation, or rupture. | ||
==Clinical manifestations== | ==Clinical manifestations== | ||
The clinical manifestations of systemic vasculitis vary depending on the size and location of the affected vessels. Common symptoms include: | The clinical manifestations of systemic vasculitis vary depending on the size and location of the affected vessels. Common symptoms include: | ||
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* Weight loss | * Weight loss | ||
* Muscle and joint pain | * Muscle and joint pain | ||
===Organ-specific symptoms=== | ===Organ-specific symptoms=== | ||
* [[Renal]]: Hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure | * [[Renal]]: Hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure | ||
* [[Pulmonary]]: Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea | * [[Pulmonary]]: Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea | ||
* [[Dermatological]]: Purpura, ulcers, nodules | * [[Dermatological]]: Purpura, ulcers, nodules | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of systemic vasculitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common diagnostic tools include: | Diagnosis of systemic vasculitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common diagnostic tools include: | ||
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* [[Biopsy]]: Histological examination of affected tissue | * [[Biopsy]]: Histological examination of affected tissue | ||
* [[Imaging]]: Angiography, MRI, CT scan | * [[Imaging]]: Angiography, MRI, CT scan | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of systemic vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage. Common treatment options include: | Treatment of systemic vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage. Common treatment options include: | ||
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* [[Immunosuppressive drugs]]: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate | * [[Immunosuppressive drugs]]: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate | ||
* [[Biologic agents]]: Rituximab | * [[Biologic agents]]: Rituximab | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of systemic vasculitis depends on the type and severity of the disease, as well as the response to treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes. | The prognosis of systemic vasculitis depends on the type and severity of the disease, as well as the response to treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
* [[Inflammation]] | * [[Inflammation]] | ||
* [[Rheumatology]] | * [[Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category:Vascular diseases]] | [[Category:Vascular diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
Revision as of 18:01, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Systemic vasculitis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, fatigue, weight loss, muscle pain, joint pain, skin rash |
| Complications | Organ damage, aneurysm, thrombosis |
| Onset | Variable, depending on type |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Microscopic polyangiitis, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
| Causes | Autoimmune disease, infection, medication |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, environmental factors |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, biopsy, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, biologic agents |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on type and severity |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Overview of systemic vasculitis
Systemic vasculitis refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, which can affect various organs and tissues throughout the body. This condition can lead to vessel wall damage, resulting in tissue ischemia and organ dysfunction.
Classification
Systemic vasculitis is classified based on the size of the affected blood vessels:
Large vessel vasculitis
Medium vessel vasculitis
Small vessel vasculitis
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of systemic vasculitis involves immune-mediated inflammation of the blood vessel walls. This can be triggered by infections, drugs, or autoimmune processes. The inflammation leads to vessel wall damage, which can cause stenosis, aneurysm formation, or rupture.
Clinical manifestations
The clinical manifestations of systemic vasculitis vary depending on the size and location of the affected vessels. Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Muscle and joint pain
Organ-specific symptoms
- Renal: Hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure
- Pulmonary: Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea
- Dermatological: Purpura, ulcers, nodules
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of systemic vasculitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common diagnostic tools include:
- Blood tests: Elevated inflammatory markers, ANCA
- Biopsy: Histological examination of affected tissue
- Imaging: Angiography, MRI, CT scan
Treatment
Treatment of systemic vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage. Common treatment options include:
- Corticosteroids: Prednisone
- Immunosuppressive drugs: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
- Biologic agents: Rituximab
Prognosis
The prognosis of systemic vasculitis depends on the type and severity of the disease, as well as the response to treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes.
